added cpp version, sh version as backupv1.0

1 files changed, 1870 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/sfm.sh b/sfm.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..032b6e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sfm.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,1870 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+# sfm - Simple File Manager in POSIX sh
+
+# --- terminal control ---
+tput_cmd() { command -v tput >/dev/null 2>&1 && tput "$@"; }
+
+RESET=$(tput_cmd sgr0)
+BOLD=$(tput_cmd bold)
+REV=$(tput_cmd rev)
+RED=$(tput_cmd setaf 1)
+GREEN=$(tput_cmd setaf 2)
+YELLOW=$(tput_cmd setaf 3)
+CYAN=$(tput_cmd setaf 6)
+WHITE=$(tput_cmd setaf 7)
+MAGENTA=$(tput_cmd setaf 5)
+BLUE=$(tput_cmd setaf 4)
+ERASE_LINE=$(tput_cmd el || printf '\033[K')
+
+goto()        { printf '\033[%d;%dH' "$1" "$2"; }
+hide_cursor() { printf '\033[?25l'; }
+show_cursor() { printf '\033[?25h'; }
+term_rows()   { tput_cmd lines || echo 24; }
+term_cols()   { tput_cmd cols  || echo 80; }
+
+# --- state ---
+if [ -n "$1" ]; then
+    CWD=$(cd "$1" 2>/dev/null && pwd) || { printf 'sfm: %s: no such directory\n' "$1" >&2; exit 1; }
+else
+    CWD=$(cd "$PWD" 2>/dev/null && pwd) || CWD="/"
+fi
+SEL=0
+OFFSET=0
+PREV_SEL=0
+PREV_OFFSET=0
+NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+LAST_CHILD=""   # name of dir we came from, used to restore selection on go-back
+FILTER=""       # current search string; empty = no filter
+ALL_ENTRIES=""  # unfiltered entries
+ALL_COUNT=0
+SEARCHING=0     # 1 while in search input mode
+SELECTED=""     # newline-separated list of multi-selected entry names
+CLIPBOARD=""    # full path of yanked/cut entry
+CLIP_MODE=""    # "copy" or "cut"
+INFO_MSG=""     # ephemeral message shown in botbar
+SHOW_HIDDEN=0   # 1 = show dotfiles
+SORT_MODE="name" # name | size | date
+SHOW_DETAILS=0   # 1 = show size+date column
+SHOW_PREVIEW=0   # 1 = show preview pane on right
+TRASH_DIR="${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}/sfm-trash"
+mkdir -p "$TRASH_DIR"
+PREV_CWD=""     # last visited directory, for jumping back
+
+# normalise CWD: resolve to absolute canonical path, no double slashes
+norm_cwd() {
+    CWD=$(cd "$CWD" 2>/dev/null && pwd) || CWD="/"
+    # squeeze any double slashes (some systems return // for //<path>)
+    CWD=$(printf '%s' "$CWD" | tr -s '/')
+}
+
+# safely join CWD with a name, avoiding double slash at root
+joinpath() { [ "$CWD" = "/" ] && printf '/%s' "$1" || printf '%s/%s' "$CWD" "$1"; }
+BOOKMARK_FILE="${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/sfm/bookmarks"
+mkdir -p "$(dirname "$BOOKMARK_FILE")"
+[ -f "$BOOKMARK_FILE" ] || touch "$BOOKMARK_FILE"
+
+# --- load directory ---
+load_entries() {
+    ENTRIES=""
+    COUNT=0
+
+    # hidden dirs first
+    if [ "$SHOW_HIDDEN" = "1" ]; then
+        for d in "$CWD"/.*/; do
+            [ -d "$d" ] || continue
+            [ -L "${d%/}" ] && continue
+            name="${d%/}"; name="${name##*/}"
+            [ "$name" = "." ] || [ "$name" = ".." ] && continue
+            [ "$name" = ".*" ] && continue
+            ENTRIES="$ENTRIES
+${name}/"
+            COUNT=$((COUNT + 1))
+        done
+    fi
+
+    # regular dirs
+    for d in "$CWD"/*/; do
+        [ -d "$d" ] || continue
+        [ -L "${d%/}" ] && continue
+        name="${d%/}"; name="${name##*/}"
+        [ "$name" = "*" ] && continue
+        case "$name" in .*) continue ;; esac
+        ENTRIES="$ENTRIES
+${name}/"
+        COUNT=$((COUNT + 1))
+    done
+
+    # hidden files first
+    if [ "$SHOW_HIDDEN" = "1" ]; then
+        for f in "$CWD"/.*; do
+            [ -e "$f" ] || [ -L "$f" ] || continue
+            [ -d "$f" ] && ! [ -L "$f" ] && continue
+            name="${f##*/}"
+            [ "$name" = ".*" ] && continue
+            if [ -L "$f" ]; then
+                ENTRIES="$ENTRIES
+${name}@"
+            else
+                ENTRIES="$ENTRIES
+${name}"
+            fi
+            COUNT=$((COUNT + 1))
+        done
+    fi
+
+    # regular files
+    for f in "$CWD"/*; do
+        [ -e "$f" ] || [ -L "$f" ] || continue
+        [ -d "$f" ] && ! [ -L "$f" ] && continue
+        name="${f##*/}"
+        [ "$name" = "*" ] && continue
+        case "$name" in .*) continue ;; esac
+        if [ -L "$f" ]; then
+            ENTRIES="$ENTRIES
+${name}@"
+        else
+            ENTRIES="$ENTRIES
+${name}"
+        fi
+        COUNT=$((COUNT + 1))
+    done
+
+    ENTRIES="${ENTRIES#
+}"
+
+    # --- sort files only (dirs always stay first) ---
+    if [ "$SORT_MODE" != "name" ]; then
+        # separate dirs and files
+        _dirs=""; _files=""
+        _rest="$ENTRIES"
+        while [ -n "$_rest" ]; do
+            _line="${_rest%%
+*}"; _next="${_rest#*
+}"
+            [ "$_next" = "$_rest" ] && _next=""
+            _rest="$_next"
+            [ -z "$_line" ] && continue
+            case "$_line" in
+                */)  if [ -z "$_dirs" ]; then _dirs="$_line"
+                     else _dirs="$_dirs
+$_line"; fi ;;
+                *)   if [ -z "$_files" ]; then _files="$_line"
+                     else _files="$_files
+$_line"; fi ;;
+            esac
+        done
+
+        # sort files using ls into a tmp file
+        if [ -n "$_files" ]; then
+            case "$SORT_MODE" in
+                size) ls -1Sp "$CWD" 2>/dev/null | grep -v '/' > /tmp/_fm_sorted_$$ ;;
+                date) ls -1tp "$CWD" 2>/dev/null | grep -v '/' > /tmp/_fm_sorted_$$ ;;
+            esac
+            # only keep files that were already in our list (respects hidden filter)
+            _sorted=""
+            while IFS= read -r _n; do
+                [ -z "$_n" ] && continue
+                # check if _n is in _files
+                case "
+${_files}
+" in *"
+${_n}
+"*) if [ -z "$_sorted" ]; then _sorted="$_n"
+                    else _sorted="$_sorted
+$_n"; fi ;;
+                esac
+            done < /tmp/_fm_sorted_$$
+            _files="$_sorted"
+        fi
+
+        # reassemble: dirs + sorted files
+        ENTRIES=""
+        _rest="$_dirs"
+        while [ -n "$_rest" ]; do
+            _line="${_rest%%
+*}"; _next="${_rest#*
+}"
+            [ "$_next" = "$_rest" ] && _next=""
+            _rest="$_next"
+            [ -z "$_line" ] && continue
+            if [ -z "$ENTRIES" ]; then ENTRIES="$_line"
+            else ENTRIES="$ENTRIES
+$_line"; fi
+        done
+        _rest="$_files"
+        while [ -n "$_rest" ]; do
+            _line="${_rest%%
+*}"; _next="${_rest#*
+}"
+            [ "$_next" = "$_rest" ] && _next=""
+            _rest="$_next"
+            [ -z "$_line" ] && continue
+            if [ -z "$ENTRIES" ]; then ENTRIES="$_line"
+            else ENTRIES="$ENTRIES
+$_line"; fi
+        done
+        # recount
+        COUNT=0
+        _rest="$ENTRIES"
+        while [ -n "$_rest" ]; do
+            _line="${_rest%%
+*}"; _next="${_rest#*
+}"
+            [ "$_next" = "$_rest" ] && _next=""
+            _rest="$_next"
+            [ -n "$_line" ] && COUNT=$((COUNT + 1))
+        done
+    fi
+
+    ALL_ENTRIES="$ENTRIES"
+    ALL_COUNT="$COUNT"
+    apply_filter
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+# filter ALL_ENTRIES by FILTER string, update ENTRIES/COUNT
+apply_filter() {
+    if [ -z "$FILTER" ]; then
+        ENTRIES="$ALL_ENTRIES"
+        COUNT="$ALL_COUNT"
+    else
+        ENTRIES=""
+        COUNT=0
+        _rest="$ALL_ENTRIES"
+        while [ -n "$_rest" ]; do
+            _line="${_rest%%
+*}"; _next="${_rest#*
+}"
+            [ "$_next" = "$_rest" ] && _next=""
+            _rest="$_next"
+            [ -z "$_line" ] && continue
+            case "$_line" in
+                *"$FILTER"*)
+                    if [ -z "$ENTRIES" ]; then ENTRIES="$_line"
+                    else ENTRIES="$ENTRIES
+$_line"; fi
+                    COUNT=$((COUNT + 1)) ;;
+            esac
+        done
+    fi
+    # write to tmp file for O(1) line access in get_entry
+    printf '%s\n' "$ENTRIES" > /tmp/_sfm_list_$$
+}
+
+get_entry() {
+    sed -n "$(($1 + 1))p" /tmp/_sfm_list_$$
+}
+
+# find index of entry by name (0-based), returns -1 if not found
+find_entry() {
+    _fe_n=$(grep -nFx "$1" /tmp/_sfm_list_$$ 2>/dev/null | head -1 | cut -d: -f1)
+    if [ -n "$_fe_n" ]; then
+        printf '%d' $((_fe_n - 1))
+    else
+        printf '%d' -1
+    fi
+}
+
+# is entry name in SELECTED list?
+is_selected() {
+    printf '%s\n' "$SELECTED" | grep -Fxq "$1"
+}
+
+count_selected() {
+    _cnt=0
+    _rest="$SELECTED"
+    while [ -n "$_rest" ]; do
+        _line="${_rest%%
+*}"
+        _rest="${_rest#*
+}"
+        [ "$_rest" = "$_line" ] && _rest=""   # no more newlines
+        [ -n "$_line" ] && _cnt=$((_cnt + 1))
+    done
+    printf '%d' "$_cnt"
+}
+
+
+toggle_selected() {
+    if is_selected "$1"; then
+        _new=""
+        _rest="$SELECTED"
+        while [ -n "$_rest" ]; do
+            _line="${_rest%%
+*}"
+            _next="${_rest#*
+}"
+            [ "$_next" = "$_rest" ] && _next=""
+            _rest="$_next"
+            [ "$_line" = "$1" ] && continue
+            [ -z "$_line" ]     && continue
+            if [ -z "$_new" ]; then _new="$_line"
+            else _new="$_new
+$_line"
+            fi
+        done
+        SELECTED="$_new"
+    else
+        if [ -z "$SELECTED" ]; then
+            SELECTED="$1"
+        else
+            SELECTED="$SELECTED
+$1"
+        fi
+    fi
+}
+
+# render one entry row in-place (no newline, no cursor movement after)
+# args: row  idx  is_selected  cols
+render_row() {
+    _row=$1; _idx=$2; _selected=$3; _cols=$4
+    entry=$(get_entry "$_idx")
+
+    case "$entry" in
+        */) colour="${BLUE}${BOLD}" ;;
+        *@)
+            _name="${entry%@}"
+            if [ -e "${CWD}/${_name}" ]; then
+                colour="${CYAN}${BOLD}"
+            else
+                colour="${RED}${BOLD}"
+            fi ;;
+        *)
+            _fc="${CWD}/${entry}"
+            if   [ -x "$_fc" ]; then colour="${GREEN}${BOLD}"
+            elif [ -c "$_fc" ]; then colour="${MAGENTA}${BOLD}"
+            elif [ -b "$_fc" ]; then colour="${MAGENTA}${BOLD}"
+            elif [ ! -r "$_fc" ] || [ ! -w "$_fc" ]; then colour="${RED}${BOLD}"
+            else colour="${WHITE}"
+            fi ;;
+    esac
+
+    # multi-select marker
+    if is_selected "$entry"; then
+        _marker="${YELLOW}*${colour}"
+    else
+        _marker=" "
+    fi
+
+    # build display string
+    case "$entry" in
+        *@)
+            _name="${entry%@}"
+            _target=$(readlink "${CWD}/${_name}" 2>/dev/null || echo "?")
+            # mark broken symlinks clearly
+            if [ ! -e "${CWD}/${_name}" ]; then
+                display="${_name} -> ${_target} [broken]"
+            else
+                display="${_name} -> ${_target}"
+            fi
+            ;;
+        *)
+            display="${entry}"
+            ;;
+    esac
+
+    # build detail string (size + date) if enabled — fixed width for alignment
+    _detail=""
+    if [ "$SHOW_DETAILS" = "1" ]; then
+        _path="${CWD}/${entry%/}"; _path="${_path%@}"
+        _info=$(ls -ldh "$_path" 2>/dev/null)
+        # parse ls output with parameter expansion — no awk fork
+        set -- $_info
+        _sz=$5; _dt="$6 $7"
+        _detail=$(printf ' %6s  %-6s' "$_sz" "$_dt")
+        set --
+    fi
+
+    # layout: marker(1) + name + spaces + detail
+    _dlen=${#_detail}
+    maxw=$((_cols - 2 - _dlen))
+    if [ "${#display}" -gt "$maxw" ]; then
+        _trunc=$((maxw - 3))
+        while [ "${#display}" -gt "$_trunc" ]; do
+            display="${display%?}"
+        done
+        display="${display}..."
+    fi
+    _namew=$((${#display} + 1))   # 1 for marker
+    padlen=$((_cols - _namew - _dlen))
+    [ "$padlen" -lt 0 ] && padlen=0
+    spaces=$(printf '%*s' "$padlen" '')
+
+    goto "$_row" 1
+    if [ "$_selected" = "1" ]; then
+        printf '%s%s%s%s%s%s%s' \
+            "${REV}${colour}" "${_marker}" "${display}" \
+            "${spaces}" \
+            "${colour}${_detail}" \
+            "${RESET}" ""
+    else
+        printf '%s%s%s%s%s%s%s' \
+            "${colour}" "${_marker}" "${display}" \
+            "${spaces}" \
+            "${colour}${_detail}" \
+            "${RESET}" ""
+    fi
+}
+
+draw_preview() {
+    _rows=$1; _cols=$2; _px=$3; _pw=$4
+    entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+    # clear preview area first
+    _r=2
+    while [ "$_r" -le $((_rows - 1)) ]; do
+        goto "$_r" "$_px"
+        printf '\033[K'
+        _r=$((_r + 1))
+    done
+    [ -z "$entry" ] && return
+    _path=$(joinpath "${entry%/}"); _path="${_path%@}"
+
+    # draw vertical divider
+    _r=2
+    while [ "$_r" -le $((_rows - 1)) ]; do
+        goto "$_r" $((_px - 1))
+        printf '%s|%s' "${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+        _r=$((_r + 1))
+    done
+
+    case "$entry" in
+        */)
+            # directory: list contents
+            _max_lines=$((_rows - 3))
+            _pr=2
+            for _de in "$_path"/*/; do
+                [ "$_pr" -gt $((_rows - 1)) ] && break
+                [ -d "$_de" ] || continue
+                _dn="${_de%/}"; _dn="${_dn##*/}"
+                [ "$_dn" = "*" ] && continue
+                _dl=" ${_dn}/"
+                [ "${#_dl}" -gt "$((_pw - 1))" ] && _dl="$(printf '%s' "$_dl" | cut -c1-$((_pw-2)))~"
+                goto "$_pr" "$_px"
+                printf '%s%s%s' "${BLUE}${BOLD}" "$_dl" "${RESET}"
+                _pr=$((_pr + 1))
+            done
+            for _fe in "$_path"/*; do
+                [ "$_pr" -gt $((_rows - 1)) ] && break
+                [ -e "$_fe" ] || continue
+                [ -d "$_fe" ] && continue
+                _fn="${_fe##*/}"
+                [ "$_fn" = "*" ] && continue
+                _fl=" ${_fn}"
+                [ "${#_fl}" -gt "$((_pw - 1))" ] && _fl="$(printf '%s' "$_fl" | cut -c1-$((_pw-2)))~"
+                goto "$_pr" "$_px"
+                printf '%s%s%s' "${WHITE}" "$_fl" "${RESET}"
+                _pr=$((_pr + 1))
+            done
+            if [ "$_pr" -eq 2 ]; then
+                goto 2 "$_px"
+                printf '%s(empty)%s' "${WHITE}" "${RESET}"
+            fi
+            ;;
+        *@)
+            # symlink
+            _tgt=$(readlink "$_path" 2>/dev/null || echo "?")
+            goto 2 "$_px"
+            printf '%s[symlink]%s' "${MAGENTA}${BOLD}" "${RESET}"
+            goto 3 "$_px"
+            printf '%s-> %s%s' "${WHITE}" "${_tgt}" "${RESET}"
+            ;;
+        *)
+            # detect if text via extension or mime
+            _ext="${entry##*.}"
+            _ext=$(printf '%s' "$_ext" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
+            _is_text=0
+            case "$_ext" in
+                txt|md|markdown|rst|log|conf|cfg|ini|toml|yaml|yml|\
+                sh|bash|zsh|py|rb|pl|lua|js|ts|json|xml|html|htm|\
+                css|c|h|cpp|rs|go|java|php|r|sql|vim|env|gitignore|\
+                diff|patch|csv|tsv|lock|mod|sum) _is_text=1 ;;
+            esac
+            if [ "$_is_text" = "0" ] && command -v file >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+                case "$(file --mime-type -b "$_path" 2>/dev/null)" in
+                    text/*) _is_text=1 ;;
+                esac
+            fi
+            if [ "$_is_text" = "1" ]; then
+                _max_lines=$((_rows - 3))
+                _line_n=0
+                while IFS= read -r _line && [ "$_line_n" -lt "$_max_lines" ]; do
+                    # truncate to preview width
+                    if [ "${#_line}" -gt "$((_pw - 1))" ]; then
+                        _line=$(printf '%s' "$_line" | cut -c1-$((_pw - 2)))
+                        _line="${_line}~"
+                    fi
+                    goto "$((_line_n + 2))" "$_px"
+                    printf '%s%s%s' "${WHITE}" "$_line" "${RESET}"
+                    _line_n=$((_line_n + 1))
+                done < "$_path"
+                if [ "$_line_n" -eq 0 ]; then
+                    goto 2 "$_px"
+                    printf '%s(empty file)%s' "${WHITE}" "${RESET}"
+                fi
+            else
+                # binary / unknown
+                goto 2 "$_px"
+                _sz=$(ls -lh "$_path" 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $5}')
+                printf '%s[binary] %s%s' "${YELLOW}" "${_sz}" "${RESET}"
+            fi
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+draw_topbar() {
+    _cols=$1
+    spaces=$(printf '%*s' "$_cols" '')
+    goto 1 1
+    printf '%s%s%s' "${CYAN}${BOLD}" "${spaces}" "${RESET}"
+}
+
+draw_botbar() {
+    _rows=$1; _cols=$2
+    if [ "$SEARCHING" = "1" ]; then
+        info=" $([ "$COUNT" -eq 0 ] && echo 0 || echo $((SEL + 1)))/${COUNT} ${CWD}"
+        keys=" search: ${FILTER} "
+        maxk=$((_cols - ${#info} - 1))
+        [ "${#keys}" -gt "$maxk" ] && keys=$(printf '%s' "$keys" | cut -c1-"$maxk")
+        padlen=$((_cols - ${#info} - ${#keys}))
+        [ "$padlen" -lt 0 ] && padlen=0
+        pad=$(printf '%*s' "$padlen" '')
+        goto "$_rows" 1
+        printf '%s%s%s%s%s%s' \
+            "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${info}" \
+            "${RESET}${pad}" \
+            "${YELLOW}${keys}" \
+            "${RESET}"
+    elif [ -n "$INFO_MSG" ]; then
+        info=" $([ "$COUNT" -eq 0 ] && echo 0 || echo $((SEL + 1)))/${COUNT} ${CWD}"
+        msg=" ${INFO_MSG} "        padlen=$((_cols - ${#info} - ${#msg}))
+        [ "$padlen" -lt 0 ] && padlen=0
+        pad=$(printf '%*s' "$padlen" '')
+        goto "$_rows" 1
+        printf '%s%s%s%s%s%s' \
+            "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${info}" \
+            "${RESET}${pad}" \
+            "${YELLOW}${msg}" \
+            "${RESET}"
+        INFO_MSG=""
+    else
+        _ind=""
+        [ -n "$CLIPBOARD" ]        && _ind=" [${CLIP_MODE}]"
+        _sc=$(count_selected)
+        [ "$_sc" -gt 0 ]           && _ind="${_ind} [sel:${_sc}]"
+        [ "$SHOW_HIDDEN" = "1" ]   && _ind="${_ind} [hidden]"
+        [ "$SORT_MODE" != "name" ] && _ind="${_ind} [sort:${SORT_MODE}]"
+        [ "$SHOW_DETAILS" = "1" ]  && _ind="${_ind} [details]"
+        hint="  press ? for help "
+        info=" $([ "$COUNT" -eq 0 ] && echo 0 || echo $((SEL + 1)))/${COUNT} ${CWD}${_ind}"
+        padlen=$((_cols - ${#info} - ${#hint}))
+        [ "$padlen" -lt 0 ] && padlen=0
+        pad=$(printf '%*s' "$padlen" '')
+        goto "$_rows" 1
+        printf '%s%s%s%s%s%s' \
+            "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${info}" \
+            "${RESET}${pad}" \
+            "${YELLOW}${hint}" \
+            "${RESET}"
+    fi
+}
+
+draw() {
+    ROWS=$(term_rows)
+    COLS=$(term_cols)
+    LIST_ROWS=$((ROWS - 2))   # row 1 = topbar, row ROWS = botbar
+
+    # split layout when preview enabled
+    if [ "$SHOW_PREVIEW" = "1" ]; then
+        LIST_COLS=$((COLS / 2))
+        PREV_COL=$((LIST_COLS + 2))
+        PREV_WIDTH=$((COLS - LIST_COLS - 2))
+    else
+        LIST_COLS=$COLS
+    fi
+
+    # clamp selection
+    [ "$SEL" -lt 0 ] && SEL=0
+    [ "$COUNT" -gt 0 ] && [ "$SEL" -ge "$COUNT" ] && SEL=$((COUNT - 1))
+
+    # update scroll offset
+    if [ "$SEL" -lt "$OFFSET" ]; then
+        OFFSET=$SEL
+    elif [ "$SEL" -ge $((OFFSET + LIST_ROWS)) ]; then
+        OFFSET=$((SEL - LIST_ROWS + 1))
+    fi
+
+    # viewport shifted → must redraw all rows
+    [ "$OFFSET" != "$PREV_OFFSET" ] && NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+
+    if [ "$NEED_FULL_REDRAW" = "1" ]; then
+        printf '\033[H'
+        draw_topbar "$COLS"
+
+        row=2
+        idx=$OFFSET
+        while [ "$row" -le $((LIST_ROWS + 1)) ] && [ "$idx" -lt "$COUNT" ]; do
+            sel=0; [ "$idx" -eq "$SEL" ] && sel=1
+            render_row "$row" "$idx" "$sel" "$LIST_COLS"
+            row=$((row + 1))
+            idx=$((idx + 1))
+        done
+        # show (empty) if directory has no entries
+        if [ "$COUNT" -eq 0 ]; then
+            goto 2 1
+            printf '%s  (empty)%s%s' "${WHITE}" "${ERASE_LINE}" "${RESET}"
+            row=3
+        fi
+        # blank leftover rows
+        while [ "$row" -le $((LIST_ROWS + 1)) ]; do
+            goto "$row" 1
+            printf '%s' "${ERASE_LINE}"
+            row=$((row + 1))
+        done
+
+        [ "$SHOW_PREVIEW" = "1" ] && draw_preview "$ROWS" "$COLS" "$PREV_COL" "$PREV_WIDTH"
+
+        draw_botbar "$ROWS" "$COLS"
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=0
+    else
+        # --- fast path ---
+        if [ "$SEL" = "$PREV_SEL" ] && [ "$OFFSET" = "$PREV_OFFSET" ]; then
+            return 2>/dev/null || true
+        fi
+        prev_row=$(( (PREV_SEL - OFFSET) + 2 ))
+        new_row=$(( (SEL      - OFFSET) + 2 ))
+
+        if [ "$prev_row" -ge 2 ] && [ "$prev_row" -le $((LIST_ROWS + 1)) ]; then
+            render_row "$prev_row" "$PREV_SEL" 0 "$LIST_COLS"
+        fi
+        if [ "$new_row" -ge 2 ] && [ "$new_row" -le $((LIST_ROWS + 1)) ]; then
+            render_row "$new_row" "$SEL" 1 "$LIST_COLS"
+        fi
+
+        [ "$SHOW_PREVIEW" = "1" ] && draw_preview "$ROWS" "$COLS" "$PREV_COL" "$PREV_WIDTH"
+
+        draw_botbar "$ROWS" "$COLS"
+    fi
+
+    PREV_SEL=$SEL
+    PREV_OFFSET=$OFFSET
+}
+
+# --- input ---
+read_key() {
+    IFS= read -r -n1 key 2>/dev/null || IFS= read -r key
+    if [ "$key" = "$(printf '\033')" ]; then
+        IFS= read -r -n1 -t 0.1 _k2 2>/dev/null || _k2=""
+        if [ -z "$_k2" ]; then
+            printf '\033'; return
+        fi
+        IFS= read -r -n1 -t 0.1 _k3 2>/dev/null || _k3=""
+        # if sequence ends with ~, it may have more chars — read one more
+        case "${_k2}${_k3}" in
+            '['[0-9])
+                IFS= read -r -n1 -t 0.1 _k4 2>/dev/null || _k4=""
+                key="${key}${_k2}${_k3}${_k4}"
+                ;;
+            *)
+                key="${key}${_k2}${_k3}"
+                ;;
+        esac
+    fi
+    printf '%s' "$key"
+}
+
+setup_term()   { old_stty=$(stty -g); stty -echo -icanon min 1 time 0; }
+restore_term() { stty "$old_stty"; }
+
+# --- actions ---
+# --- smart file opener ---
+# Detects file type by extension then mime, picks the right program.
+# Terminal programs run in the foreground; GUI programs are backgrounded.
+_run_tty() { "$@"; }
+_run_gui() { "$@" >/dev/null 2>&1 & }
+
+open_file() {
+    _f="$1"
+
+    # use user opener script if it exists and is executable
+    _opener="${XDG_CONFIG_HOME:-$HOME/.config}/sfm/opener"
+    if [ -x "$_opener" ]; then
+        "$_opener" "$_f"
+        return
+    fi
+
+    _ext="${_f##*.}"
+    _ext=$(printf '%s' "$_ext" | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')
+
+    # --- by extension ---
+    case "$_ext" in
+        # text / code → editor
+        txt|md|markdown|rst|csv|tsv|log|conf|cfg|ini|toml|yaml|yml|\
+        sh|bash|zsh|fish|py|rb|pl|lua|js|ts|jsx|tsx|json|xml|html|\
+        htm|css|scss|sass|c|h|cpp|cc|cxx|hpp|rs|go|java|kt|swift|\
+        cs|php|r|sql|vim|diff|patch|makefile|dockerfile|gitignore|\
+        env|lock|mod|sum)
+            _run_tty ${EDITOR:-vi} "$_f"
+            return ;;
+        # images → GUI viewer
+        jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp|tiff|tif|webp|svg|ico|heic|heif|avif)
+            for _v in imv imvr feh sxiv nsxiv eog eom viewnior shotwell gimp; do
+                command -v "$_v" >/dev/null 2>&1 && { _run_gui "$_v" "$_f"; return; }
+            done ;;
+        # video → GUI player
+        mp4|mkv|avi|mov|wmv|flv|webm|m4v|mpeg|mpg|3gp|ogv)
+            for _v in mpv vlc mplayer totem celluloid haruna; do
+                command -v "$_v" >/dev/null 2>&1 && { _run_gui "$_v" "$_f"; return; }
+            done ;;
+        # audio → player (mpv/vlc run fine headless too)
+        mp3|flac|ogg|wav|aac|m4a|opus|wma|aiff)
+            for _v in mpv vlc mplayer cmus mocp; do
+                command -v "$_v" >/dev/null 2>&1 && { _run_gui "$_v" "$_f"; return; }
+            done ;;
+        # PDF / documents
+        pdf)
+            for _v in zathura evince okular mupdf atril xreader; do
+                command -v "$_v" >/dev/null 2>&1 && { _run_gui "$_v" "$_f"; return; }
+            done ;;
+        # office docs
+        odt|ods|odp|doc|docx|xls|xlsx|ppt|pptx)
+            for _v in libreoffice soffice; do
+                command -v "$_v" >/dev/null 2>&1 && { _run_gui "$_v" "$_f"; return; }
+            done ;;
+        # archives → list contents in pager
+        zip|tar|gz|bz2|xz|zst|7z|rar)
+            if command -v atool >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+                atool -l "$_f" 2>&1 | ${PAGER:-less}; return
+            elif command -v bsdtar >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+                bsdtar -tf "$_f" 2>&1 | ${PAGER:-less}; return
+            fi ;;
+    esac
+
+    # --- fallback: try mime type via `file` ---
+    if command -v file >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        _mime=$(file --mime-type -b "$_f" 2>/dev/null)
+        case "$_mime" in
+            text/*|application/json|application/xml|application/javascript)
+                _run_tty ${EDITOR:-vi} "$_f"; return ;;
+            image/*)
+                for _v in imv feh sxiv nsxiv eog gimp; do
+                    command -v "$_v" >/dev/null 2>&1 && { _run_gui "$_v" "$_f"; return; }
+                done ;;
+            video/*)
+                for _v in mpv vlc mplayer; do
+                    command -v "$_v" >/dev/null 2>&1 && { _run_gui "$_v" "$_f"; return; }
+                done ;;
+            audio/*)
+                for _v in mpv vlc mplayer; do
+                    command -v "$_v" >/dev/null 2>&1 && { _run_gui "$_v" "$_f"; return; }
+                done ;;
+            application/pdf)
+                for _v in zathura evince okular mupdf; do
+                    command -v "$_v" >/dev/null 2>&1 && { _run_gui "$_v" "$_f"; return; }
+                done ;;
+        esac
+    fi
+
+    # --- last resort: xdg-open / open, else editor ---
+    if command -v xdg-open >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        _run_gui xdg-open "$_f"
+    elif command -v open >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        _run_gui open "$_f"
+    else
+        _run_tty ${EDITOR:-vi} "$_f"
+    fi
+}
+
+# read a line of input in raw mode, returns result in READ_LINE
+# returns 1 if user pressed Esc (cancel), 0 on Enter
+read_line() {
+    READ_LINE="${_init:-}"
+    _init=""
+    show_cursor
+    printf '%s' "$READ_LINE"
+    while true; do
+        IFS= read -r -n1 _ch 2>/dev/null || IFS= read -r _ch
+        case "$_ch" in
+            "$(printf '\033')")
+                # read with timeout to distinguish bare esc from sequences
+                IFS= read -r -n2 -t 0.1 _seq 2>/dev/null || _seq=""
+                hide_cursor
+                READ_LINE=""; return 1 ;;
+            "$(printf '\n')"|\
+            "$(printf '\r')")
+                hide_cursor
+                return 0 ;;
+            "$(printf '\177')"|\
+            "$(printf '\010')")
+                if [ -n "$READ_LINE" ]; then
+                    READ_LINE="${READ_LINE%?}"
+                    printf '\b \b'
+                fi ;;
+            *)
+                READ_LINE="${READ_LINE}${_ch}"
+                printf '%s' "$_ch" ;;
+        esac
+    done
+}
+
+do_open_with() {
+    entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+    [ -z "$entry" ] && return
+    case "$entry" in
+        */) INFO_MSG="cannot open-with a directory"; NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return ;;
+    esac
+    _target="${CWD}/${entry%@}"
+    goto "$(term_rows)" 1
+    printf '%s%s Open "%s" with (esc=cancel): %s' \
+        "${ERASE_LINE}" "${CYAN}${BOLD}" "$entry" "${RESET}"
+    if read_line && [ -n "$READ_LINE" ]; then
+        # check the program exists
+        if ! command -v "$READ_LINE" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            INFO_MSG="not found: ${READ_LINE}"
+            NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+            return
+        fi
+        restore_term; show_cursor
+        printf '\033[2J\033[H'
+        "$READ_LINE" "$_target"
+        setup_term; hide_cursor
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+    else
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; draw
+    fi
+}
+
+do_newfile() {
+    goto "$(term_rows)" 1
+    printf '%s%s File name: %s' "${ERASE_LINE}" "${WHITE}${BOLD}" "${RESET}"
+    if read_line && [ -n "$READ_LINE" ]; then
+        touch "${CWD}/${READ_LINE}"
+        load_entries
+    else
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; draw
+    fi
+}
+
+# --- help overlay helpers (must be top-level for dash compatibility) ---
+_help_bx=0; _help_by=0; _help_iw=0; _help_hl=""
+
+help_row() {
+    _r=$1; _text=$2
+    goto "$(( _help_by + _r ))" "$_help_bx"
+    if [ "${#_text}" -gt "$_help_iw" ]; then
+        _text=$(printf '%s' "$_text" | cut -c1-"$_help_iw")
+    fi
+    _pl=$(( _help_iw - ${#_text} ))
+    _p=$(printf '%*s' "$_pl" '')
+    printf '%s|%s%s%s%s|%s' \
+        "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}" "${_text}" "${_p}" \
+        "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+}
+
+help_sep() {
+    goto "$(( _help_by + $1 ))" "$_help_bx"
+    printf '%s|%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_help_hl" "${RESET}"
+}
+
+do_help() {
+    ROWS=$(term_rows)
+    COLS=$(term_cols)
+    bw=$((COLS - 4))
+    [ "$bw" -gt 52 ] && bw=52
+    [ "$bw" -lt 36 ] && bw=36
+    bh=46
+    _help_bx=$(( (COLS - bw) / 2 )); [ "$_help_bx" -lt 1 ] && _help_bx=1
+    _help_by=$(( (ROWS - bh) / 2 )); [ "$_help_by" -lt 1 ] && _help_by=1
+    _help_iw=$((bw - 2))
+    _help_hl=$(printf '%*s' "$_help_iw" '' | tr ' ' '-')
+
+    goto "$_help_by" "$_help_bx"
+    printf '%s+%s+%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_help_hl" "${RESET}"
+
+    help_row  1 ""
+    help_row  2 "  KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS"
+    help_sep  3
+    help_row  4 "  j/k  up/down     g/G  top/bottom"
+    help_row  5 "  h/left           go back"
+    help_row  6 "  l/right/enter    open / enter dir"
+    help_sep  7
+    help_row  8 "  /     search filter"
+    help_row  9 "  esc   clear filter"
+    help_row 10 "  .     toggle hidden files"
+    help_row 11 "  i     file info in status bar"
+    help_row 12 "  s     cycle sort: name/size/date"
+    help_row 13 "  T     toggle size/date details"
+    help_row 14 "  P     toggle preview pane"
+    help_sep 15
+    help_row 16 "  space  toggle multi-select"
+    help_row 17 "  a      select all / deselect all"
+    help_row 18 "  y      yank/copy  (works on selection)"
+    help_row 19 "  x      cut        (works on selection)"
+    help_row 20 "  p      paste"
+    help_row 21 "  d      delete     (works on selection)"
+    help_sep 22
+    help_row 23 "  r   rename         R   refresh"
+    help_row 24 "  m   make directory"
+    help_row 25 "  n   new file"
+    help_row 26 "  u   trash file (safe delete)"
+    help_row 27 "  U   open trash directory"
+    help_row 28 "  !   drop to shell in CWD"
+    help_row 29 "  o   open with custom program"
+    help_row 30 "  +   chmod +x (make executable)"
+    help_row 31 "  -   chmod -x (remove executable)"
+    help_sep 32
+    help_row 33 "  b   bookmark current dir"
+    help_row 34 "  B   open bookmark picker"
+    help_row 35 "  c   copy path to clipboard"
+    help_row 36 "  ~   go to home directory"
+    help_row 37 "  \`   jump to previous directory"
+    help_row 38 "  :   jump to path"
+    help_row 39 "  f   find files recursively"
+    help_sep 40
+    help_row 41 "  q   quit"
+    help_row 42 "  ?   this help"
+    help_row 43 ""
+    help_row 44 "  press any key to close..."
+
+    goto "$(( _help_by + bh ))" "$_help_bx"
+    printf '%s+%s+%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_help_hl" "${RESET}"
+
+    read_key > /dev/null
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_search() {
+    FILTER=""
+    SEARCHING=1
+    show_cursor
+    while true; do
+        apply_filter
+        SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+        draw
+        IFS= read -r -n1 _ch 2>/dev/null || IFS= read -r _ch
+        case "$_ch" in
+            "$(printf '\033')")
+                # read with short timeout to catch escape sequences
+                IFS= read -r -n2 -t 0.1 _seq 2>/dev/null || _seq=""
+                if [ -z "$_seq" ]; then
+                    # bare esc — clear filter and exit search
+                    FILTER=""; SEARCHING=0
+                    apply_filter
+                    SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+                    hide_cursor; NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; draw; return
+                fi
+                # else it was an arrow key or other sequence — ignore it
+                ;;
+            "$(printf '\n')"|\
+            "$(printf '\r')")
+                SEARCHING=0; hide_cursor; NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return ;;
+            "$(printf '\177')"|\
+            "$(printf '\010')")
+                [ -n "$FILTER" ] && FILTER="${FILTER%?}" ;;
+            *)
+                FILTER="${FILTER}${_ch}" ;;
+        esac
+    done
+}
+do_clear_filter() {
+    FILTER=""
+    SEARCHING=0
+    apply_filter
+    SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_toggle_hidden() {
+    if [ "$SHOW_HIDDEN" = "0" ]; then
+        SHOW_HIDDEN=1
+        INFO_MSG="hidden files shown"
+    else
+        SHOW_HIDDEN=0
+        INFO_MSG="hidden files hidden"
+    fi
+    SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+    load_entries
+}
+
+do_toggle_details() {
+    if [ "$SHOW_DETAILS" = "0" ]; then
+        SHOW_DETAILS=1; INFO_MSG="details on"
+    else
+        SHOW_DETAILS=0; INFO_MSG="details off"
+    fi
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_toggle_preview() {
+    if [ "$SHOW_PREVIEW" = "0" ]; then
+        SHOW_PREVIEW=1; INFO_MSG="preview on"
+    else
+        SHOW_PREVIEW=0; INFO_MSG="preview off"
+    fi
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_find() {
+    goto "$(term_rows)" 1
+    printf '%s%s find (recursive): %s' "${ERASE_LINE}" "${CYAN}${BOLD}" "${RESET}"
+    if ! read_line || [ -z "$READ_LINE" ]; then
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; draw; return
+    fi
+    _query="$READ_LINE"
+
+    # run find and collect results into a tmp file
+    _tmp=/tmp/_sfm_find_$$
+    find "$CWD" -name "*${_query}*" 2>/dev/null | sort > "$_tmp"
+    _total=$(wc -l < "$_tmp" | tr -d '[:space:]')
+
+    if [ "$_total" -eq 0 ]; then
+        INFO_MSG="no results for: ${_query}"
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return
+    fi
+
+    # show results in an interactive picker
+    ROWS=$(term_rows); COLS=$(term_cols)
+    _pw=$(( COLS - 4 )); [ "$_pw" -gt 80 ] && _pw=80; [ "$_pw" -lt 30 ] && _pw=30
+    _ph=$(( ROWS - 4 )); [ "$_ph" -lt 5 ] && _ph=5
+    _px=$(( (COLS - _pw) / 2 )); [ "$_px" -lt 1 ] && _px=1
+    _py=$(( (ROWS - _ph) / 2 )); [ "$_py" -lt 1 ] && _py=1
+    _iw=$((_pw - 2))
+    _hl=$(printf '%*s' "$_iw" '' | tr ' ' '-')
+    _vis=$((_ph - 3))   # visible result rows
+
+    _fsel=1
+    _foff=1   # scroll offset (1-based)
+
+    while true; do
+        # draw box
+        goto "$_py" "$_px"
+        printf '%s+%s+%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_hl" "${RESET}"
+
+        # title
+        goto "$((_py+1))" "$_px"
+        _title="  find: ${_query}  (${_total} results)"
+        [ "${#_title}" -gt "$_iw" ] && _title=$(printf '%s' "$_title" | cut -c1-"$_iw")
+        _tpl=$((_iw - ${#_title})); _tp=$(printf '%*s' "$_tpl" '')
+        printf '%s|%s%s%s%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}" "$_title" "$_tp" "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+
+        goto "$((_py+2))" "$_px"
+        printf '%s|%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_hl" "${RESET}"
+
+        # results
+        _ri=0
+        while [ "$_ri" -lt "$_vis" ]; do
+            _ridx=$((_foff + _ri))
+            goto "$((_py+3+_ri))" "$_px"
+            if [ "$_ridx" -le "$_total" ]; then
+                _rline=$(awk -v n="$_ridx" 'NR==n{print;exit}' "$_tmp")
+                # strip CWD prefix for display
+                _rdisplay="${_rline#$CWD/}"
+                [ "${#_rdisplay}" -gt "$_iw" ] && \
+                    _rdisplay="...$(printf '%s' "$_rdisplay" | rev | cut -c1-$((_iw-4)) | rev)"
+                _rpl=$((_iw - ${#_rdisplay})); _rp=$(printf '%*s' "$_rpl" '')
+                if [ "$_ridx" -eq "$_fsel" ]; then
+                    printf '%s|%s%s%s%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${REV}${YELLOW}" "$_rdisplay" "$_rp" "${RESET}${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+                else
+                    printf '%s|%s%s%s%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}" "$_rdisplay" "$_rp" "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+                fi
+            else
+                _ep=$(printf '%*s' "$_iw" '')
+                printf '%s|%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_ep" "${RESET}"
+            fi
+            _ri=$((_ri+1))
+        done
+
+        goto "$((_py+_ph))" "$_px"
+        printf '%s+%s+%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_hl" "${RESET}"
+
+        # read key
+        IFS= read -r -n1 _fk 2>/dev/null || IFS= read -r _fk
+        case "$_fk" in
+            j) _fsel=$((_fsel+1)); [ "$_fsel" -gt "$_total" ] && _fsel=$_total
+               [ "$_fsel" -ge $((_foff+_vis)) ] && _foff=$((_foff+1)) ;;
+            k) _fsel=$((_fsel-1)); [ "$_fsel" -lt 1 ] && _fsel=1
+               [ "$_fsel" -lt "$_foff" ] && _foff=$((_foff-1)); [ "$_foff" -lt 1 ] && _foff=1 ;;
+            "$(printf '\033')")
+                IFS= read -r -n2 -t 0.1 _fseq 2>/dev/null || _fseq=""
+                case "$_fseq" in
+                    '[A') _fsel=$((_fsel-1)); [ "$_fsel" -lt 1 ] && _fsel=1
+                          [ "$_fsel" -lt "$_foff" ] && _foff=$((_foff-1)); [ "$_foff" -lt 1 ] && _foff=1 ;;
+                    '[B') _fsel=$((_fsel+1)); [ "$_fsel" -gt "$_total" ] && _fsel=$_total
+                          [ "$_fsel" -ge $((_foff+_vis)) ] && _foff=$((_foff+1)) ;;
+                    *) NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return ;;  # esc — close
+                esac ;;
+            "$(printf '\n')"|\
+            "$(printf '\r')"|\
+            l)
+                _chosen=$(awk -v n="$_fsel" 'NR==n{print;exit}' "$_tmp")
+                if [ -d "$_chosen" ]; then
+                    PREV_CWD="$CWD"; CWD="$_chosen"; norm_cwd
+                elif [ -e "$_chosen" ]; then
+                    PREV_CWD="$CWD"; CWD=$(dirname "$_chosen"); norm_cwd
+                fi
+                FILTER=""; SELECTED=""
+                SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+                load_entries
+                # try to highlight the found file
+                _fname="${_chosen##*/}"
+                [ -d "$_chosen" ] && _fname="${_fname}/"
+                _fidx=$(find_entry "$_fname")
+                [ "$_fidx" -ge 0 ] 2>/dev/null && SEL=$_fidx
+                return ;;
+            q|Q|h) NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return ;;
+        esac
+    done
+}
+
+do_jump_path() {
+    goto "$(term_rows)" 1
+    printf '%s%s jump to: %s' "${ERASE_LINE}" "${CYAN}${BOLD}" "${RESET}"
+    if read_line && [ -n "$READ_LINE" ]; then
+        # expand ~ manually
+        case "$READ_LINE" in
+            "~"*)  READ_LINE="${HOME}${READ_LINE#\~}" ;;
+        esac
+        if [ -d "$READ_LINE" ]; then
+            PREV_CWD="$CWD"
+            CWD="$READ_LINE"; norm_cwd
+            FILTER=""; SELECTED=""
+            SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+            load_entries
+        else
+            INFO_MSG="not found: ${READ_LINE}"
+            NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; draw
+        fi
+    else
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; draw
+    fi
+}
+
+do_go_back() {
+    [ "$CWD" = "/" ] && return
+    FILTER=""
+    SELECTED=""
+    PREV_CWD="$CWD"
+    LAST_CHILD="${CWD##*/}/"   # name of current dir with trailing slash
+    CWD=$(cd "$(dirname "$CWD")" && pwd)
+    SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+    load_entries
+    # restore selection to the directory we just came from
+    if [ -n "$LAST_CHILD" ]; then
+        idx=$(find_entry "$LAST_CHILD")
+        [ "$idx" -ge 0 ] 2>/dev/null && SEL=$idx
+    fi
+    LAST_CHILD=""
+}
+
+do_open() {
+    entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+    case "$entry" in
+        */)
+            FILTER=""
+            SELECTED=""
+            _target=$(joinpath "${entry%/}")
+            if [ ! -x "$_target" ] || [ ! -r "$_target" ]; then
+                INFO_MSG="permission denied: ${entry%/}"
+                NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+                return
+            fi
+            PREV_CWD="$CWD"
+            CWD=$(cd "$_target" && pwd); norm_cwd
+            SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+            load_entries
+            ;;
+        *@)
+            _name="${entry%@}"
+            _target=$(joinpath "$_name")
+            if [ -d "$_target" ]; then
+                if [ ! -x "$_target" ] || [ ! -r "$_target" ]; then
+                    INFO_MSG="permission denied: ${_name}"
+                    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+                    return
+                fi
+                FILTER=""; SELECTED=""
+                PREV_CWD="$CWD"
+                CWD=$(cd "$_target" && pwd); norm_cwd
+                SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+                load_entries
+            else
+                if [ ! -r "$_target" ]; then
+                    INFO_MSG="permission denied: ${_name}"
+                    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+                    return
+                fi
+                restore_term; show_cursor
+                printf '\033[2J\033[H'
+                open_file "$_target"
+                setup_term; hide_cursor
+                NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+            fi
+            ;;
+        *)
+            _target="${CWD}/${entry}"
+            if [ ! -r "$_target" ]; then
+                INFO_MSG="permission denied: ${entry}"
+                NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+                return
+            fi
+            restore_term; show_cursor
+            printf '\033[2J\033[H'
+            open_file "$_target"
+            setup_term; hide_cursor
+            NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+            ;;
+    esac
+}
+
+# --- confirm overlay (yes/no popup) ---
+confirm_overlay() {
+    _co_rows=$(term_rows); _co_cols=$(term_cols)
+    _co_yes="    Yes    "
+    _co_no="    No     "
+    _co_gap="  "
+    _co_content="${_co_yes}${_co_gap}${_co_no}"
+
+    # size box to fit prompt or buttons, whichever is wider
+    _co_w=$(( ${#_prompt} + 4 ))
+    [ "$_co_w" -lt $(( ${#_co_content} + 4 )) ] && _co_w=$(( ${#_co_content} + 4 ))
+    [ "$_co_w" -gt "$_co_cols" ] && _co_w=$((_co_cols - 2))
+    _co_iw=$((_co_w - 2))
+    _co_hl=$(printf '%*s' "$_co_iw" '' | tr ' ' '-')
+
+    _co_x=$(( (_co_cols - _co_w) / 2 )); [ "$_co_x" -lt 0 ] && _co_x=0
+    _co_y=$(( (_co_rows - 5) / 2 )); [ "$_co_y" -lt 1 ] && _co_y=1
+    _co_sel=2  # 1=Yes, 2=No (default No for safety)
+
+    while true; do
+        # draw box top
+        goto "$_co_y" "$_co_x"
+        printf '%s+%s+%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_co_hl" "${RESET}"
+        # prompt line
+        goto "$((_co_y+1))" "$_co_x"
+        _co_pl=$((_co_iw - ${#_prompt}))
+        [ "$_co_pl" -lt 0 ] && _co_pl=0
+        _co_pad=$(printf '%*s' "$_co_pl" '')
+        printf '%s|%s%s%s%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}" "$_prompt" "$_co_pad" "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+        # separator
+        goto "$((_co_y+2))" "$_co_x"
+        printf '%s|%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_co_hl" "${RESET}"
+        # yes/no buttons
+        goto "$((_co_y+3))" "$_co_x"
+        _co_cpad=$(( (_co_iw - ${#_co_content}) / 2 ))
+        [ "$_co_cpad" -lt 0 ] && _co_cpad=0
+        _co_left=$(printf '%*s' "$_co_cpad" '')
+        _co_cpad=$(( _co_iw - ${#_co_content} - _co_cpad ))
+        [ "$_co_cpad" -lt 0 ] && _co_cpad=0
+        _co_right=$(printf '%*s' "$_co_cpad" '')
+        printf '%s|%s%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}" "$_co_left"
+        if [ "$_co_sel" -eq 1 ]; then
+            printf '%s%s%s' "${REV}${GREEN}${BOLD}" "$_co_yes" "${RESET}"
+        else
+            printf '%s' "$_co_yes"
+        fi
+        printf '%s' "$_co_gap"
+        if [ "$_co_sel" -eq 2 ]; then
+            printf '%s%s%s' "${REV}${RED}${BOLD}" "$_co_no" "${RESET}"
+        else
+            printf '%s' "$_co_no"
+        fi
+        printf '%s%s|%s' "$_co_right" "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+        # box bottom
+        goto "$((_co_y+4))" "$_co_x"
+        printf '%s+%s+%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_co_hl" "${RESET}"
+
+        # read key
+        IFS= read -r -n1 _co_ch 2>/dev/null || IFS= read -r _co_ch
+        case "$_co_ch" in
+            "$(printf '\033')")
+                IFS= read -r -n2 -t 0.1 _co_seq 2>/dev/null || _co_seq=""
+                case "$_co_seq" in
+                    '[D'|'[C')  # left/right arrow
+                        if [ "$_co_sel" -eq 1 ]; then _co_sel=2; else _co_sel=1; fi ;;
+                    *)  return 1 ;;  # bare esc or unrecognised sequence
+                esac ;;
+            h) _co_sel=1 ;;
+            l) _co_sel=2 ;;
+            j) _co_sel=2 ;;
+            k) _co_sel=1 ;;
+            y|Y) return 0 ;;
+            n|N) return 1 ;;
+            "$(printf '\n')"|"$(printf '\r')")
+                if [ "$_co_sel" -eq 1 ]; then return 0; else return 1; fi ;;
+        esac
+    done
+}
+
+do_delete() {
+    INFO_MSG=""
+    _c=$(count_selected)
+    if [ "$_c" -gt 0 ]; then
+        # --- bulk delete selected ---
+        _prompt="Delete ${_c} selected items?"
+        confirm_overlay; _yes=$?
+        if [ "$_yes" -eq 0 ]; then
+            _rest="$SELECTED"
+            while [ -n "$_rest" ]; do
+                _line="${_rest%%
+*}"
+                _next="${_rest#*
+}"
+                [ "$_next" = "$_rest" ] && _next=""
+                _rest="$_next"
+                [ -z "$_line" ] && continue
+                _name="${_line%@}"; _name="${_name%/}"
+                _t="${CWD}/${_name}"
+                if [ -d "$_t" ]; then rm -rf "$_t"; else rm -f "$_t"; fi
+            done
+            SELECTED=""
+            [ "$SEL" -ge "$((COUNT - 1))" ] && SEL=$((COUNT - 2))
+            [ "$SEL" -lt 0 ] && SEL=0
+            load_entries
+        else
+            NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+        fi
+    else
+        # --- single delete ---
+        entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+        _name="${entry%@}"; _name="${_name%/}"
+        target="${CWD}/${_name}"
+        _prompt="Delete \"${entry}\"?"
+        confirm_overlay; _yes=$?
+        if [ "$_yes" -ne 0 ]; then
+            NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return
+        fi
+        if [ -d "$target" ]; then
+            if [ -n "$(ls -A "$target" 2>/dev/null)" ]; then
+                _prompt="\"${entry}\" not empty. Delete ALL?"
+                confirm_overlay; _yes2=$?
+                if [ "$_yes2" -ne 0 ]; then
+                    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return
+                fi
+            fi
+            rm -rf "$target"
+        else
+            rm -f "$target"
+        fi
+        [ "$SEL" -ge "$((COUNT - 1))" ] && SEL=$((COUNT - 2))
+        [ "$SEL" -lt 0 ] && SEL=0
+        load_entries
+    fi
+}
+
+do_rename() {
+    entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+    _name="${entry%@}"; _name="${_name%/}"
+    goto "$(term_rows)" 1
+    printf '%s%s Rename: %s' "${ERASE_LINE}" "${YELLOW}${BOLD}" "${RESET}"
+    _init="$_name"
+    if read_line && [ -n "$READ_LINE" ] && [ "$READ_LINE" != "$_name" ]; then
+        mv "${CWD}/${_name}" "${CWD}/${READ_LINE}"
+        load_entries
+    else
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; draw
+    fi
+}
+
+do_mkdir() {
+    goto "$(term_rows)" 1
+    printf '%s%s Directory name: %s' "${ERASE_LINE}" "${CYAN}${BOLD}" "${RESET}"
+    if read_line && [ -n "$READ_LINE" ]; then
+        mkdir -p "${CWD}/${READ_LINE}"
+        load_entries
+    else
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; draw
+    fi
+}
+
+do_chmod_x() {
+    entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+    [ -z "$entry" ] && return
+    case "$entry" in */) INFO_MSG="cannot chmod a directory"; NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return ;; esac
+    _target=$(joinpath "${entry%@}")
+    if chmod +x "$_target" 2>/dev/null; then
+        INFO_MSG="chmod +x: ${entry}"
+    else
+        INFO_MSG="chmod failed: ${entry}"
+    fi
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_chmod_nox() {
+    entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+    [ -z "$entry" ] && return
+    case "$entry" in */) INFO_MSG="cannot chmod a directory"; NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return ;; esac
+    _target=$(joinpath "${entry%@}")
+    if chmod -x "$_target" 2>/dev/null; then
+        INFO_MSG="chmod -x: ${entry}"
+    else
+        INFO_MSG="chmod failed: ${entry}"
+    fi
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_info() {
+    entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+    [ -z "$entry" ] && return
+    _name="${entry%@}"; _name="${_name%/}"
+    target="${CWD}/${_name}"
+
+    # gather info
+    _info_perm=$(ls -ld "$target" 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $1}')
+    _info_owner=$(ls -ld "$target" 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $3}')
+    _info_group=$(ls -ld "$target" 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $4}')
+    _info_size=$(du -sh "$target" 2>/dev/null | cut -f1)
+    [ -z "$_info_size" ] && _info_size=$(ls -lh "$target" 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $5}')
+    _info_date=$(ls -ld "$target" 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $6, $7, $8}')
+
+    case "$entry" in
+        */) _info_type="directory" ;;
+        *@) _info_type="symlink -> $(ls -ld "$target" 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $NF}')" ;;
+        *)  _info_type="file"
+            if [ -x "$target" ]; then _info_type="executable"; fi ;;
+    esac
+
+    _info_lines=""
+    _info_lines="${_info_lines}Name:    ${_name}
+"
+    _info_lines="${_info_lines}Type:    ${_info_type}
+"
+    _info_lines="${_info_lines}Perm:    ${_info_perm}
+"
+    _info_lines="${_info_lines}Owner:   ${_info_owner}:${_info_group}
+"
+    _info_lines="${_info_lines}Size:    ${_info_size}
+"
+    _info_lines="${_info_lines}Mod:     ${_info_date}
+"
+
+    # measure longest line
+    _maxw=0
+    _info_rest="$_info_lines"
+    while [ -n "$_info_rest" ]; do
+        _info_l="${_info_rest%%
+*}"
+        [ "${#_info_l}" -gt "$_maxw" ] && _maxw=${#_info_l}
+        _info_next="${_info_rest#*
+}"
+        [ "$_info_next" = "$_info_rest" ] && break
+        _info_rest="$_info_next"
+    done
+
+    _info_h=8  # 6 data rows + top + bottom
+    ROWS=$(term_rows); COLS=$(term_cols)
+    _iw=$((_maxw + 2)); [ "$_iw" -lt 20 ] && _iw=20
+    _bw=$((_iw + 2)); [ "$_bw" -gt "$COLS" ] && _bw=$COLS && _iw=$((_bw - 2))
+    _ix=$(( (COLS - _bw) / 2 )); [ "$_ix" -lt 0 ] && _ix=0
+    _iy=$(( (ROWS - _info_h) / 2 )); [ "$_iy" -lt 1 ] && _iy=1
+    _hl=$(printf '%*s' "$_iw" '' | tr ' ' '-')
+
+    # draw
+    goto "$_iy" "$_ix"
+    printf '%s+%s+%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_hl" "${RESET}"
+    goto "$((_iy+1))" "$_ix"
+    _title=" FILE INFO"
+    _tpad=$((_iw - ${#_title}))
+    [ "$_tpad" -lt 0 ] && _tpad=0
+    printf '%s|%s%s%s%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}" "$_title" "$(printf '%*s' "$_tpad" '')" "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+    goto "$((_iy+2))" "$_ix"
+    printf '%s|%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_hl" "${RESET}"
+
+    _ri=3
+    _info_rest="$_info_lines"
+    while [ -n "$_info_rest" ]; do
+        _info_l="${_info_rest%%
+*}"
+        _info_next="${_info_rest#*
+}"
+        [ "$_info_next" = "$_info_rest" ] && break
+        _info_rest="$_info_next"
+        [ -z "$_info_l" ] && continue
+        goto "$((_iy+_ri))" "$_ix"
+        _lpad=$((_iw - ${#_info_l}))
+        [ "$_lpad" -lt 0 ] && _lpad=0
+        printf '%s|%s%s%s%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}" "$_info_l" "$(printf '%*s' "$_lpad" '')" "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+        _ri=$((_ri + 1))
+    done
+
+    goto "$((_iy+_ri))" "$_ix"
+    printf '%s+%s+%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_hl" "${RESET}"
+
+    # wait for key
+    IFS= read -r -n1 _infok 2>/dev/null || IFS= read -r _infok
+    case "$_infok" in
+        "$(printf '\033')")
+            IFS= read -r -n5 -t 0.1 _infoseq 2>/dev/null || _infoseq="" ;;
+    esac
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_shell() {
+    restore_term; show_cursor
+    printf '\033[2J\033[H'
+    cd "$CWD" || true
+    printf '%s(type "exit" to return to fm)%s\n' "${YELLOW}" "${RESET}"
+    ${SHELL:-sh}
+    # restore CWD in case user cd'd around
+    CWD="${PWD}"; norm_cwd
+    setup_term; hide_cursor
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_sort() {
+    case "$SORT_MODE" in
+        name) SORT_MODE="size" ;;
+        size) SORT_MODE="date" ;;
+        date) SORT_MODE="name" ;;
+    esac
+    INFO_MSG="sort: ${SORT_MODE}"
+    SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+    load_entries
+}
+
+do_trash() {
+    entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+    [ -z "$entry" ] && return
+    _name="${entry%@}"; _name="${_name%/}"
+    target="${CWD}/${_name}"
+    _ts=$(date '+%Y%m%d_%H%M%S' 2>/dev/null || date '+%s')
+    _dest="${TRASH_DIR}/${_ts}_${_name}"
+    if mv "$target" "$_dest"; then
+        INFO_MSG="trashed: ${entry}"
+        [ "$SEL" -ge "$((COUNT - 1))" ] && SEL=$((COUNT - 2))
+        [ "$SEL" -lt 0 ] && SEL=0
+        load_entries
+    else
+        INFO_MSG="trash failed"
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+    fi
+}
+
+do_open_trash() {
+    PREV_CWD="$CWD"
+    FILTER=""; SELECTED=""
+    CWD="$TRASH_DIR"; norm_cwd
+    SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+    load_entries
+}
+
+do_copy_path() {
+    entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+    [ -z "$entry" ] && return
+    _name="${entry%@}"; _name="${_name%/}"
+    _path="${CWD}/${_name}"
+    if command -v wl-copy  >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        printf '%s' "$_path" | wl-copy
+    elif command -v xclip  >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        printf '%s' "$_path" | xclip -selection clipboard
+    elif command -v xsel   >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        printf '%s' "$_path" | xsel --clipboard --input
+    elif command -v pbcopy >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+        printf '%s' "$_path" | pbcopy
+    else
+        INFO_MSG="no clipboard tool found"
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+        return
+    fi
+    INFO_MSG="path copied: ${_path}"
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_jump_back() {
+    [ -z "$PREV_CWD" ] && { INFO_MSG="no previous directory"; NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return; }
+    _tmp="$CWD"
+    CWD="$PREV_CWD"; norm_cwd
+    PREV_CWD="$_tmp"
+    FILTER=""; SELECTED=""
+    SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+    load_entries
+}
+
+do_bookmark_add() {
+    # toggle: if CWD already bookmarked, remove it; else add it
+    if grep -qx "$CWD" "$BOOKMARK_FILE" 2>/dev/null; then
+        # remove
+        _tmp=$(grep -vx "$CWD" "$BOOKMARK_FILE")
+        printf '%s\n' "$_tmp" > "$BOOKMARK_FILE"
+        INFO_MSG="bookmark removed: ${CWD}"
+    else
+        printf '%s\n' "$CWD" >> "$BOOKMARK_FILE"
+        INFO_MSG="bookmarked: ${CWD}"
+    fi
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_bookmark_jump() {
+    # count bookmarks
+    _bc=0
+    while IFS= read -r _l; do [ -n "$_l" ] && _bc=$((_bc+1)); done < "$BOOKMARK_FILE"
+    [ "$_bc" -eq 0 ] && { INFO_MSG="no bookmarks saved"; NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return; }
+
+    # draw a small picker overlay
+    ROWS=$(term_rows); COLS=$(term_cols)
+    _pw=$(( COLS * 2 / 3 )); [ "$_pw" -gt 70 ] && _pw=70; [ "$_pw" -lt 30 ] && _pw=30
+    _ph=$(( _bc + 4 )); [ "$_ph" -gt $((ROWS - 4)) ] && _ph=$((ROWS - 4))
+    _px=$(( (COLS - _pw) / 2 )); [ "$_px" -lt 1 ] && _px=1
+    _py=$(( (ROWS - _ph) / 2 )); [ "$_py" -lt 1 ] && _py=1
+    _iw=$((_pw - 2))
+    _hl=$(printf '%*s' "$_iw" '' | tr ' ' '-')
+
+    _bsel=1
+    _bvis=$((_ph - 3))
+    _boff=1
+    while true; do
+        # draw picker inline
+        goto "$_py" "$_px"
+        printf '%s+%s+%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_hl" "${RESET}"
+        goto "$((_py+1))" "$_px"
+        _t="  BOOKMARKS"; _pl=$((_iw - ${#_t})); _p=$(printf '%*s' "$_pl" '')
+        printf '%s|%s%s%s%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}" "$_t" "$_p" "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+        goto "$((_py+2))" "$_px"
+        printf '%s|%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_hl" "${RESET}"
+        # clear visible rows first
+        _bri=0
+        while [ "$_bri" -lt "$_bvis" ]; do
+            goto "$((_py + 3 + _bri))" "$_px"
+            _bep=$(printf '%*s' "$_iw" '')
+            printf '%s|%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_bep" "${RESET}"
+            _bri=$((_bri + 1))
+        done
+        # draw visible bookmarks
+        _bi=0
+        while IFS= read -r _bm; do
+            [ -z "$_bm" ] && continue
+            _bi=$((_bi+1))
+            [ "$_bi" -lt "$_boff" ] && continue
+            [ "$_bi" -ge $((_boff + _bvis)) ] && continue
+            _drow=$((_py + 2 + _bi - _boff + 1))
+            goto "$_drow" "$_px"
+            _bt="${_bi}  ${_bm}"
+            if [ "${#_bt}" -gt "$_iw" ]; then _bt=$(printf '%s' "$_bt" | cut -c1-$((_iw-1))); _bt="${_bt}~"; fi
+            _bpl=$((_iw - ${#_bt})); _bp=$(printf '%*s' "$_bpl" '')
+            if [ "$_bi" -eq "$_bsel" ]; then
+                printf '%s|%s%s%s%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${REV}${YELLOW}" "$_bt" "$_bp" "${RESET}${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+            else
+                printf '%s|%s%s%s%s|%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}" "$_bt" "$_bp" "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "${RESET}"
+            fi
+        done < "$BOOKMARK_FILE"
+        goto "$((_py+_ph))" "$_px"
+        printf '%s+%s+%s' "${BOLD}${CYAN}" "$_hl" "${RESET}"
+        IFS= read -r -n1 _bk 2>/dev/null || IFS= read -r _bk
+        case "$_bk" in
+            j) _bsel=$((_bsel+1)); [ "$_bsel" -gt "$_bc" ] && _bsel=$_bc
+               [ "$_bsel" -ge $((_boff + _bvis)) ] && _boff=$((_bsel - _bvis + 1)) ;;
+            k) _bsel=$((_bsel-1)); [ "$_bsel" -lt 1 ] && _bsel=1
+               [ "$_bsel" -lt "$_boff" ] && _boff=$_bsel ;;
+            "$(printf '\033')")
+                # use timeout to distinguish bare esc from arrow sequences
+                IFS= read -r -n2 -t 0.1 _seq 2>/dev/null || _seq=""
+                case "$_seq" in
+                    '[A') _bsel=$((_bsel-1)); [ "$_bsel" -lt 1 ] && _bsel=1
+                          [ "$_bsel" -lt "$_boff" ] && _boff=$_bsel ;;
+                    '[B') _bsel=$((_bsel+1)); [ "$_bsel" -gt "$_bc" ] && _bsel=$_bc
+                          [ "$_bsel" -ge $((_boff + _bvis)) ] && _boff=$((_bsel - _bvis + 1)) ;;
+                    '[C') # right — open
+                        _chosen=$(awk -v n="$_bsel" 'NR==n&&NF{print;exit}' "$BOOKMARK_FILE")
+                        if [ -n "$_chosen" ] && [ -d "$_chosen" ]; then
+                            PREV_CWD="$CWD"; CWD="$_chosen"; norm_cwd
+                            FILTER=""; SELECTED=""
+                            SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+                            load_entries
+                        else
+                            INFO_MSG="not found: ${_chosen}"; NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+                        fi
+                        return ;;
+                    '[D') NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return ;; # left — close
+                    *)    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return ;; # bare esc — close
+                esac ;;
+            "$(printf '\n')"|\
+            "$(printf '\r')"|\
+            l)
+                _chosen=$(awk -v n="$_bsel" 'NR==n&&NF{print;exit}' "$BOOKMARK_FILE")
+                if [ -n "$_chosen" ] && [ -d "$_chosen" ]; then
+                    PREV_CWD="$CWD"; CWD="$_chosen"; norm_cwd
+                    FILTER=""; SELECTED=""
+                    SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0
+                    load_entries
+                else
+                    INFO_MSG="not found: ${_chosen}"; NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+                fi
+                return ;;
+            q|Q|h) NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1; return ;;
+        esac
+    done
+}
+
+do_toggle_select() {
+    entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+    [ -z "$entry" ] && return
+    toggle_selected "$entry"
+    _c=$(count_selected)
+    [ "$_c" -eq 0 ] && INFO_MSG="selection cleared" || INFO_MSG="${_c} selected"
+    SEL=$((SEL + 1))
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_select_all() {
+    _c=$(count_selected)
+    if [ "$_c" -gt 0 ]; then
+        # deselect all
+        SELECTED=""
+        INFO_MSG="selection cleared"
+    else
+        # select all visible entries (skip ../)
+        SELECTED=""
+        _rest="$ENTRIES"
+        while [ -n "$_rest" ]; do
+            _line="${_rest%%
+*}"; _next="${_rest#*
+}"
+            [ "$_next" = "$_rest" ] && _next=""
+            _rest="$_next"
+            [ -z "$_line" ] && continue
+            [ "$_line" = "../" ] && continue
+            if [ -z "$SELECTED" ]; then SELECTED="$_line"
+            else SELECTED="$SELECTED
+$_line"; fi
+        done
+        _c=$(count_selected)
+        INFO_MSG="selected all: ${_c} items"
+    fi
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_yank() {
+    _c=$(count_selected)
+    if [ "$_c" -gt 0 ]; then
+        CLIPBOARD=$(printf '%s\n' "$SELECTED" | while IFS= read -r _e; do
+            [ -z "$_e" ] && continue
+            _yname="${_e%@}"; _yname="${_yname%/}"
+            printf '%s\n' "${CWD}/${_yname}"
+        done)
+        CLIP_MODE="copy"
+        INFO_MSG="yanked ${_c} items"
+        SELECTED=""
+    else
+        entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+        [ -z "$entry" ] && return
+        _yname="${entry%@}"; _yname="${_yname%/}"
+        CLIPBOARD="${CWD}/${_yname}"
+        CLIP_MODE="copy"
+        INFO_MSG="yanked: ${entry}"
+    fi
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_cut() {
+    _c=$(count_selected)
+    if [ "$_c" -gt 0 ]; then
+        CLIPBOARD=$(printf '%s\n' "$SELECTED" | while IFS= read -r _e; do
+            [ -z "$_e" ] && continue
+            _cname="${_e%@}"; _cname="${_cname%/}"
+            printf '%s\n' "${CWD}/${_cname}"
+        done)
+        CLIP_MODE="cut"
+        INFO_MSG="cut ${_c} items"
+        SELECTED=""
+    else
+        entry=$(get_entry "$SEL")
+        [ -z "$entry" ] && return
+        _cname="${entry%@}"; _cname="${_cname%/}"
+        CLIPBOARD="${CWD}/${_cname}"
+        CLIP_MODE="cut"
+        INFO_MSG="cut: ${entry}"
+    fi
+    NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+}
+
+do_paste() {
+    if [ -z "$CLIPBOARD" ]; then
+        INFO_MSG="nothing to paste"
+        NEED_FULL_REDRAW=1
+        return
+    fi
+    printf '%s\n' "$CLIPBOARD" | while IFS= read -r _src; do
+        [ -z "$_src" ] && continue
+        _name="${_src##*/}"
+        _dest="${CWD}/${_name}"
+        if [ -e "$_dest" ]; then
+            _base="${_name%.*}"; _ext="${_name##*.}"
+            [ "$_ext" = "$_name" ] && _ext="" || _ext=".${_ext}"
+            _dest="${CWD}/${_base}_copy${_ext}"
+        fi
+        case "$CLIP_MODE" in
+            copy) cp -r "$_src" "$_dest" ;;
+            cut)  mv    "$_src" "$_dest" ;;
+        esac
+    done
+    CLIPBOARD=""; CLIP_MODE=""
+    INFO_MSG="pasted"
+    load_entries
+}
+
+# --- main ---
+trap 'restore_term; show_cursor; printf "\033[2J\033[H"; rm -f /tmp/_sfm_list_$$ /tmp/_sfm_find_$$; exit 0' INT QUIT TERM EXIT
+
+setup_term
+hide_cursor
+printf '\033[2J'   # clear screen exactly once at startup
+load_entries
+
+while true; do
+    draw
+    key=$(read_key)
+
+    case "$key" in
+        j|"$(printf '\033[B')")
+            [ "$SEL" -lt $((COUNT - 1)) ] && SEL=$((SEL + 1)) ;;
+        k|"$(printf '\033[A')")
+            [ "$SEL" -gt 0 ] && SEL=$((SEL - 1)) ;;
+        g)  SEL=0 ;;
+        G)  SEL=$((COUNT - 1)) ;;
+        "$(printf '\033[6~')") SEL=$((SEL + $(term_rows) / 2)) ;;
+        "$(printf '\033[5~')") SEL=$((SEL - $(term_rows) / 2)) ;;
+        "$(printf '\033[3~')") do_delete ;;
+        "$(printf '\n')"|\
+        "$(printf '\r')"|\
+        "$(printf '\033[C')"|\
+        l) do_open    ;;
+        "$(printf '\033[D')"|\
+        h) do_go_back ;;
+        b)   do_bookmark_add  ;;
+        B)   do_bookmark_jump ;;
+        '?') do_help          ;;
+        R)   load_entries; INFO_MSG="refreshed" ;;
+        /)   do_search        ;;
+        '.')  do_toggle_hidden   ;;
+        T)    do_toggle_details  ;;
+        P)    do_toggle_preview  ;;
+        i)   do_info          ;;
+        '+') do_chmod_x    ;;
+        '-') do_chmod_nox ;;
+        o)   do_open_with     ;;
+        s)   do_sort          ;;
+        u)   do_trash        ;;
+        U)   do_open_trash   ;;
+        f)   do_find        ;;
+        ':') do_jump_path   ;;
+        '~') PREV_CWD="$CWD"; CWD=$(cd "$HOME" && pwd); FILTER=""; SELECTED=""
+             SEL=0; OFFSET=0; PREV_SEL=0; PREV_OFFSET=0; load_entries ;;
+        c)   do_copy_path   ;;
+        "$(printf '\033')") do_clear_filter ;;
+        ' ') do_toggle_select ;;
+        a)   do_select_all   ;;
+        y)  do_yank    ;;
+        x)  do_cut     ;;
+        p)  do_paste   ;;
+        d)  do_delete  ;;
+        r)  do_rename  ;;
+        m)  do_mkdir   ;;
+        n)  do_newfile ;;
+        q|Q) break ;;
+        '!') do_shell ;;
+    esac
+done
+
+restore_term
+show_cursor
+printf '\033[2J\033[H'
+printf '%s\n' "$CWD"